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基于实测降雨、水文、坝库拦沙、灌溉引沙和河道冲淤等数据,分析了1919-2016年黄河潼关以上流域实际产沙量、产沙强度和不同时期下垫面在多年平均降雨情况下的产沙能力变化。结果表明,20世纪30年代以后,流域产沙能力逐渐增大,至50~70年代达到顶峰;80~90年代以后,流域产沙逐渐减少,其中2010-2016年流域产沙强度只有1919-1939年的23%。1919-2016年流域年均产沙量为13.7亿t。在多年平均降雨和1919-1953年下垫面情况下,潼关年均来沙量应约为14.6亿t;至1956-1975年,该值达到16.6亿t。
Based on the data of rainfall, hydrology, dam barrage, irrigation and sedimentation, and other data, the actual sediment yield and sediment yield of the watershed above the Tongguan section of the Yellow River from 1919 to 2016 were analyzed. The average annual rainfall of underlying surface at different periods Sand production capacity under change. The results show that after the 1930s, the capacity of sediment production in the basin increased gradually and reached a peak from 1950 to 1970s. After the 1980s and 1990s, the sediment yield of the basin decreased gradually. The sediment yield of the basin in 2010-2016 was only 1919-1939 23% of the year. The average annual sediment yield in the basin from 1919 to 2016 was 1.37 billion tons. With average annual rainfall and underlying land surface from 1919 to 1953, the annual average sediment concentration of Tongguan should be about 1.46 billion tons. By 1956-1975, this value reached 1.66 billion tons.