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在当代西方政治哲学中,虽然人们在平等理论上纷争不断,但是人们聚讼的焦点主要集中在“什么的平等?”这一问题上,其中约翰·罗尔斯的“基本善的平等”是一种较具代表性的观点,在当代平等理论的发展中处于核心地位。在以阿玛蒂亚·森等人为代表的能力分析路径看来,罗尔斯的平等观忽视了人际相异性,并没有注意到那些拥有严重能力缺陷的人的需求。实际上,森在一定程度上误解了罗尔斯的平等观,罗尔斯的平等观能够容纳森的批判,只要扩展罗尔斯的基本善的指标,就可以将森的能力分析路径包括在内,但是这并不意味着罗尔斯的平等观是免于批判的。
In contemporary Western political philosophy, although people are constantly strifely strifently in the theory of equality, the focus of people’s courtroom proceedings is mainly on the issue of “what is equality?”, In which John Rawls’s “basic goodness Equality ”is a more representative viewpoint and plays a central role in the development of contemporary theory of equality. From the perspective of competency analysis represented by Amartya Sen et al., Rawls’s equality concept ignores interpersonal heterogeneity and fails to notice the needs of those who have serious capacity deficiencies. In fact, Sen somewhat misunderstood Rawls’s concept of equality. Rawls’s concept of equality accommodates Sen’s criticism. As long as Rawls’s basic good indicators are extended, he can include Sen’s capacity analysis in However, this does not mean that Rawls’s concept of equality is free from criticism.