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运用文献资料法与专家访谈法等方法,结合多年执裁国内外速度滑冰赛事的经验,对国际滑联速度滑冰起跑规则相关内容进行了解读,并通过对近几年国际滑联发令员学习班的主要宗旨和课程内容的梳理、归纳,总结了速度滑冰发令员的工作程序、方法及工作要点。结论表明:1)发令员要精确的掌控运动员完成起跑姿势至鸣枪之间的间隔时间;2)比赛中发令员要准确把握和运用规则、统一判罚尺度,规范地使用判罚手势和判罚语言;3)裁判员队伍应是一支工作有效、业务熟练、密切合作的团队。建议:1)国家职能部门和单项相关协会定期举办类似于国际滑联发令员这样的学习班,对发令员和裁判员定期培训和考核,借鉴冰雪项目发达国家经验,规范发令员的晋级标准和年限。2)抓好发令员培养的梯队建设,选拔热爱竞技体育事业、有一定专业基础、英语基础好、心理素质优秀、适合发令工作的青年人从事裁判工作。
By using the methods of literature review and expert interviews, and combining with the experience of many years in the practice of speed skating at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the contents of ISU speed skating start-up rules, Summarizes the work procedures, methods and work points of the speed skating commissioner. The conclusion shows that: 1) The commandor should accurately control the interval between the starting position and the shooting ranger; 2) The commandant should accurately grasp and use the rules in the competition, unify the standard of penalty, regulate the use of the penalty gesture and the language of penalty; 3) The referee team should be a team with effective work, proficient and close cooperation. Suggestions: 1) National functional departments and individual associations regularly hold seminars similar to the ISU issuers, conduct regular training and assessment of the starter and referees, draw lessons from the experience of the developed countries in ice-snow projects, and standardize the qualifications of the instructors and Years. 2) Do a good job eager to cultivate the echelon of the building, selection and love sports, have a certain professional basis, good English foundation, excellent psychological quality, suitable for the issue of young people engaged in referee work.