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保存种群的遗传多样性和进化潜力是成功拯救保护濒危物种的关键。云南蓝果树(Nyssa yunnanensis W.C.Yin)是国家I级重点保护的极度濒危野生植物,也是国家实施极小种群野生植物保护工程的目的物种。为了制定针对性的保护措施,采用ISSR分子标记方法对64株极度濒危物种云南蓝果树子代个体进行遗传多样性分析。从100条引物中筛选出12条ISSR引物,共扩增出77个稳定、清晰的条带。其中58个为多态性条带,物种水平上的多态性条带百分率(PPL)变动范围为50.00%~87.50%,平均值为(74.65±0.01)%;等位基因观察值(Na)为1.7532;有效等位基因观察值(Ne)为1.5804;Nei’s基因多样性指数(He)为0.3206,多态性信息含量指数(PIC)变动范围为0.15~0.44,平均值为0.27±0.01;Shannon’s遗传多样性信息指数(I)随着样本数的增加而升高,但当样本数达到24及以上时,Shannon’s指数的数值基本不再变化。基于遗传多样性分析结果,从地质历史原因和人为干扰因素等方面对云南蓝果树的濒危机制进行了探析,并提出了有针对性的云南蓝果树保护措施。
Preserving the genetic diversity and evolutionary potential of stocks is key to successfully saving and protecting endangered species. Nyssa yunnanensis W.C.Yin is a critically endangered wild plant under national Class I priority protection and also a target species under the State’s program for the protection of wild plants of very small populations. In order to make targeted protection measures, the ISSR molecular markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 64 extremely endangered Yunnan blue fruit tree progenies. Twelve ISSR primers were screened from 100 primers and 77 stable and clear bands were amplified. Among them, 58 were polymorphic bands, and the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPL) ranged from 50.00% to 87.50% at the species level with an average of (74.65 ± 0.01)%; the allele value (Na) Was 1.7532; the effective allele (Ne) was 1.5804; the Nei’s gene diversity index (He) was 0.3206; the PIC ranged from 0.15 to 0.44 with an average of 0.27 ± 0.01; Shannon’s The index of genetic diversity information (I) increases with the number of samples, but when the number of samples reaches 24 and above, the Shannon’s index basically does not change any more. Based on the results of genetic diversity analysis, the endangered mechanism of Yunnan blue fruit tree was analyzed from the aspects of geological history and human interference factors, and the protective measures of Yunnan blue fruit tree were put forward.