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从1991年农村养老保险制度开始试点以来。农村养老保险工作取得了一定的进展。但从参加养老保险的人数看。整体参保率较低。从参保人数的变化趋势看。1998年以后农村参加养老保险的人数却逐步减少(尚长风,2004)。实证研究结论表明:农村养老保险制度不成功的根源在于制度设计上存在致命缺陷:一是筹资渠道方面,养老保险基金的主要来源是参保者自己缴费,政府和集体基本上是一个旁观者。二是基金运作方面,养老保险机构本身运行所需要的资金是按照农民缴费的3%从养老保险基金中提取的。在投资方向有限、收益率很低的状况下,这种做法的结果就是养老保险基金本金的萎缩。农村养老
Since 1991, the rural endowment insurance system has been piloted. Some progress has been made in rural endowment insurance. But from the number of people participating in pension insurance. The overall insured rate is lower. From the trend of changes in the number of insured. After 1998, the number of people participating in rural endowment insurance gradually decreased (Shang Changfeng, 2004). The conclusion of the empirical research shows that the root of the rural pension system’s failure is the fatal flaw in the system design. The first is that the main source of the pension fund is the contributors’ own payment, and the government and the collective are basically spectators. Second, in terms of fund operation, funds required for the operation of pension insurance institutions themselves are drawn from the pension fund at 3% of the farmers’ contributions. Under the condition of limited investment and low rate of return, the result of this approach is the shrinking of the principal of the pension insurance fund. Rural pension