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在西方自然法学说的历史发展过程中,自然法思想与理性始终紧密相联,无论是古希腊、古罗马时期,还是中世纪或近代,抑或是自然法复兴时期,法学家们都把理性看成是自然法的精神和原则,甚至把两者直接等同,他们都明确宣称:自然法即是理性的法则,是理性的箴言和命令;自然法由理性所构成,通过理性而被认识。但实际上不同时期的自然法思想,对于理性的定义是不同的。对于他们的考查,有助于我们更清晰的理清自然法思想的发展脉络,也使我们明白,对于自然法这样一个自足的体系,依然要受特定的经济、政治、文化因素的制约。
In the course of the historical development of Western natural law, the thoughts of natural law and reason have always been closely linked. Both ancient Greece, ancient Rome, the Middle Ages or the modern times, or the rejuvenation of natural law, jurists view reason as Is the spirit and principle of the law of nature, and even directly equates the two. They all clearly declare that natural law is the law of reason, the motto and order of reason, and the law of nature is constituted by reason and recognized through reason. In fact, the thoughts of natural law in different periods have different definitions of reason. The examination of them helps us to sort out the development of the thought of natural law more clearly and also makes us understand that such a self-contained system of natural law is still subject to certain economic, political and cultural factors.