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目的:探讨伴或不伴对立违抗性障碍的注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的父母教养方式以及家庭亲密度和适应性的特点。方法:对湖南省长沙、益阳、娄底、郴州、永州、怀化六个地区进行抽样调查,共抽样9495名儿童。用二阶段流行病学调查方法,凡符合诊断标准的ADHD儿童和正常对照组儿童由儿童本人填写父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)及家庭亲密度和适应性量表(中文版)。结果:①单纯ADHD组与对照组相比,母亲的情感温暖因子得分较对照组低(P=0.017),父母亲的惩罚因子得分均明显高于对照组(P=0.000),父亲拒绝因子得分明显高于对照组(P=0.002),母亲拒绝因子得分明显高于对照组(P=0.000),父亲的过度保护因子得分较高于对照组(P=0.028)。②ADHD+ODD与对照组相比,父亲的情感温暖因子得分明显低于对照组(P=0.002),母亲的情感温暖因子得分明显低于对照组(P=0.003),父母亲的惩罚,拒绝及父亲的过度保护因子得分均明显高于对照组(P=0.000)。③ADHD+ODD与对照组相比,实际亲密度因子得分明显低于对照组(P=0.001),理想亲密度因子得分较对照组低(P=0.012)。结论:伴或不伴对立违抗的ADHD患儿的父母教养方式以及家庭亲密度和适应性方面均存在着诸多方面的问题。
PURPOSE: To investigate parental rearing and family cohesion and accommodation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with or without opposing defiant disorders. Methods: A sample survey was conducted in six districts of Changsha, Yiyang, Loudi, Chenzhou, Yongzhou and Huaihua in Hunan Province. A total of 9,495 children were sampled. With the two-stage epidemiological survey method, all children with ADHD and the normal control group that meet the diagnostic criteria were asked to fill in the EMBU, Family Fidelity and Adaptability Scale (Chinese version). Results: ① Compared with the control group, the scores of emotional warmth factor in the ADHD-only group were lower than those in the control group (P = 0.017), and the punishment scores of the parents were significantly higher than those in the control group (P = 0.000) (P = 0.002). The mother rejection factor score was significantly higher than that of the control group (P = 0.000). The father’s over-protection factor score was higher than that of the control group (P = 0.028). (2) Compared with the control group, the score of emotional warmth factor of father was significantly lower than that of control group (P = 0.002), and the score of emotional warmth factor of mother was significantly lower than that of control group (P = 0.003), punishment of parental punishment, rejection and The father’s over-protection factor scores were significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.000). ③ Compared with the control group, the ADHD + ODD score of the actual intimacy factor was significantly lower than that of the control group (P = 0.001). The score of ideal intimacy factor was lower than that of the control group (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: There are many aspects of parental rearing and family cohesion and adaptability in ADHD children with and without contradictory defenses.