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目的用因子分析方法探讨公众应急准备状态的影响因素。方法随机选取468名黑龙江省哈尔滨市居民为调查对象,调查可能影响公众应急准备状态的23项因素,对23项影响因素进行了初始因子分析和方差最大旋转。结果 23项影响因素间存在6个主要公因子,其中第1公因子主要反映的是公众学习应急知识、参与应急培训演练、思考及探讨应急逃生计划等应急准备行为情况;第2公因子主要反映的是公众对于突发事件、应急准备的认知情况;第3公因子主要反映的是公众对于生活工作学习的场所发生自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生、社会安全类事件的可能性大小的判断情况;第4公因子主要反映的是公众对增强风险意识、保持警惕、做好应急准备的重要性认识情况;第5公因子主要反映的是公众对应急内容、掌握应急知识、技能以及探讨应急类话题的态度情况;第6公因子主要反映的是公众对于探讨应急类话题的凶吉认识、应对突发事件责任认识等的应急心理情况。结论加强公众的应急准备能力,需要从公众的应急准备行为、应急认知、风险判断、风险意识、应急态度、应急心理等多个方面来进行干预。
Objective To explore the influencing factors of public emergency preparedness by factor analysis. Methods A total of 468 residents in Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, were randomly selected to investigate 23 factors that may affect the state of public emergency preparedness. Initial factor analysis and maximum variance rotation of 23 influential factors were conducted. Results There were six major common factors among the 23 influential factors. The first common factor mainly reflected public preparedness emergency response knowledge, participation in emergency training exercises, thinking and exploring emergency preparedness plans and other emergency preparedness behaviors. The second public factor mainly reflected Is the public’s awareness of emergency and emergency preparedness. The third public factor mainly reflects the public’s judgment of the possibility of occurrence of natural disasters, accidental disasters, public health and social security in the places where students live and work The fourth factor mainly reflects the public’s awareness of the importance of enhancing risk awareness, vigilance and emergency preparedness. The fifth public factor mainly reflects the public’s understanding of emergency contents, mastering emergency knowledge and skills, and exploring emergency response 6th factor mainly reflects the public’s emergency psychology about probing into the crux of the emergency topic and understanding the responsibility for emergencies. Conclusion To strengthen public emergency preparedness capability, it is necessary to intervene in many aspects such as public emergency preparedness behavior, emergency cognition, risk judgment, risk awareness, emergency attitude and emergency psychology.