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目的了解职业病危害因素主要种类超限值的分布状况及危害程度,确定安监和卫监工作重点,提高综合防制效果。方法选取2011年厦门市规模企业的职业病危害因素日常检测数据(无C-TWA数据)中超过职业卫生标准接触限值的指标分类统计分析。结果对163家规模企业的2 663个工作岗位点进行定点检测,不合格率达10.3%。检测噪声单位795个工作岗位点,不合格率26.4%;生产性粉尘单位404个工作岗位点,不合格率9.4%;化学有害因素单位1 464个工作岗位点,不合格率1.7%;噪声不合格率较高。含硅和硅酸盐制造及运用工业的噪声、粉尘和化学有害因素不合格率最高(33.9%、26.5%和3.2%),电子工业的噪声和粉尘不合格率最低(16.1%和4.0%);机械制造工业的化学有害因素不合格率最低(0.4%)。结论厦门市规模企业的有职业病危害因素的岗位不合格主要是噪声,其次是粉尘,均主要分布于硅酸盐制造和运用工业。
Objective To understand the distribution of the major types of occupational disease hazards and the extent of the damage, determine the focus of safety supervision and health supervision, and improve the comprehensive prevention and control effect. Methods The statistical analysis of indicators that exceeded the exposure limit of occupational health standards in the routine test data (no C-TWA data) of occupational hazards in scale enterprises in Xiamen in 2011 was selected. Results A total of 2,663 job sites in 163 large-scale enterprises were detected by fixed-point test, with a failure rate of 10.3%. The number of noise units to be detected is 795, with a failure rate of 26.4%; 404 units of productive dust units with a failure rate of 9.4%; 1 464 chemical hazardous factor units with a failure rate of 1.7%; noises Pass rate higher. Silicones and silicates contained the highest percentages of industrial noise, dust and chemical hazards (33.9%, 26.5% and 3.2%), and the electronics industry had the lowest noise and dust rejection rates (16.1% and 4.0%) ; The mechanical manufacturing industry, the lowest chemical non-compliance rate (0.4%). Conclusion The scale of occupational hazards in Xiamen scale enterprises is mainly noise, followed by dust, which are mainly distributed in the manufacture and use of silicate industry.