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目的观察妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者饮食行为与血糖的关系及量化健康教育干预的效果。方法应用医院自行设计的《孕妇营养KAP问卷》调查妇产科建立妊娠档案的GDM产妇80例饮食行为,应用Pearson单因素分析GDM患者饮食行为评分与血糖的关系,并根据调查结果对其实施量化健康教育干预,观察干预前后产妇饮食行为评分及血糖指标变化情况。结果 GMD患者血糖控制良好组饮食相关知识评分、饮食行为、饮食态度相关评分均高于血糖控制不良组(P<0.05)。经Pearson单因素分析可知,GDM患者饮食相关知识、饮食行为、饮食态度评分均与空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(2h PBG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)呈负相关(P<0.05)。干预后GDM产妇FBG、2h PBG、Hb A1c水平均低于干预前(P<0.05)。干预后GDM患者饮食相关知识、饮食行为、饮食态度评分均高于干预前(P<0.05)。结论 GDM患者妊娠期饮食行为与血糖控制效果有密切关系,量化健康教育干预能有效改善GDM患者不良饮食行为,有利于产妇血糖控制。
Objective To observe the relationship between dietary behavior and blood glucose in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to quantify the effect of health education intervention. Methods Eighty pregnant women with GDM maternal pregnancy were enrolled in this study. Eighty pregnant women with GDM were enrolled in this study. Their dietary behaviors were analyzed by Pearson’s single factor analysis. The relationship between dietary behavior scores and blood glucose was analyzed according to the survey results Health education intervention, observed before and after the intervention of maternal diet behavior scores and changes in blood glucose indicators. Results Good glycemic control in patients with GMD group diet related knowledge score, diet behavior, diet attitude related scores were higher than those in poor glycemic control group (P <0.05). Pearson’s univariate analysis showed that diet-related knowledge, eating behavior and eating attitude scores of GDM patients were negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial 2h PBG and Hb A1c (P <0.05) . The levels of FBG, 2h PBG and Hb A1c in GDM women after intervention were lower than those before intervention (P <0.05). After intervention, food-related knowledge, eating behavior and eating attitude scores of GDM patients were higher than before intervention (P <0.05). Conclusion The dietary behavior of pregnant women with GDM is closely related to the effect of blood sugar control. Quantitative health education intervention can effectively improve the poor dietary behaviors of GDM patients and is beneficial to the control of blood glucose in pregnant women.