由于抗结核新药的应用和人民生活水平提高。支气管内膜结核发病日趋减少且易误诊。本文报告支气管内膜结核误诊为风湿热致气道多部位狭窄1例。 女,24岁。诉咳嗽、低热、盗汗1年,阵发性呼吸困难2年。1980年5月,外院检查血沉70mm/h,X线胸片(一),诊断为风湿热。给服强的松、阿斯匹林1月,症状无好转,胸闷、咳嗽加重。另院纤维支气管镜检查见气管下端、左支气管开口处狭窄,粘膜上有散在浅表溃疡及肉芽。活检报告:粘膜下炎性细胞浸 Due to the application of new anti-TB drugs and people’s living standards. The incidence of endobronchial tuberculosis is diminishing and misdiagnosed. This article reports misdiagnosis of endobronchial tuberculosis as rheumatic fever caused by airway multiple stenosis in 1 case. Female, 24 years old. V. Cough, fever, night sweats 1 year, paroxysmal dyspnea 2 years. May 1980, outside the hospital check erythrocyte sedimentation rate 70mm / h, X-ray (a), diagnosis of rheumatic fever. Give prednisone, aspirin January, no improvement in symptoms, chest tightness, increased cough. Another hospital fiber bronchoscopy see tracheal lower end, left bronchial stenosis, superficial ulcers and granulation on the mucous membrane. Biopsy report: submucosal inflammatory cell infiltration