在帕慕克看来,19世纪小说艺术的伟大进步与像洪水一般涌入城市和家庭的物质商品有着密切的关系。工业革命带来的普遍富裕让人们的生活中围绕着各种新装置、消费品、艺术品、服装、小摆设……而“物质的餍足”最终以狂热的城市活动“驱散”了过去日子的简单和坦率。“人们现在感到,在细节的泥沼中,已经丧失了更广阔的图景,并且怀疑意义是否就真的隐藏在阴影里的某个地方。现代的城市居民需要调整适应新的生活方式,他们在这些丰富生 In Pamuk’s view, the great progress of 19th-century fictional art is closely related to the material goods that flood the city and family in general. The universal affluence brought about by the industrial revolution has revolved around people’s lives with new devices, consumer goods, artwork, clothing, and gadgets ... and ”material complacency“ eventually ”dissipated" by fanatic urban activities The past days are simple and straightforward. People now feel that they have lost a broader picture of the details and wonder if the meaning is really hidden somewhere in the shadow.Modern urban residents need to adapt to the new way of life, These rich students