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当城市发生重大事故灾害与突发事件时,有效地对人群进行疏散,使之撤离到相对安全的避难场所,是应急救援行动的核心技术问题,是解决城市公共安全问题必须首先面对的重大课题。充分考虑选址问题中的“公平”和“效率”原则,提出了城市避难场所选址的多目标规划模型,并利用建模优化软件LINGO(Linear Interactive and GeneralOptimizer)进行了求解,从而得出避难场所的最佳选址位置。最后,以天津市地震避难场所的选址为例,说明了多目标规划在城市避难场所选址中的应用过程。结果表明,这种方法可以满足选址规划需求,具有一定的现实意义。
When major disasters and emergencies happen in cities, evacuation and evacuation of people to relatively safe evacuation sites are the core technical issues of emergency rescue operations. They are the major issues that must be first dealt with to solve the urban public safety problems Question. Considering the principle of “fairness” and “efficiency” in the location problem, a multi-objective programming model of the location of the evacuation site in urban area is put forward and solved by LINGO (Linear Interactive and General Optimizer) Which draws the best place for shelter location. Finally, taking the site selection of the earthquake evacuation sites in Tianjin as an example, the application process of the multi-objective planning in the site selection of urban evacuation sites is illustrated. The results show that this method can meet the needs of site planning and has certain practical significance.