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为了研究人类活动对无定河流域不同地貌区水沙变化的影响,选择无定河流域内风沙区海流兔河和黄土丘陵沟壑区大理河代表水文站1956-2010年的水文泥沙实测数据。采用Mann-kendall和Pettitt法分别对水文泥沙数据进行趋势分析与突变检验,确定发生突变的临界年份,再利用双累积曲线法的回归方程定量确定人类活动对两种地貌区水沙变化的影响。结果表明:风沙区代表水文站韩家峁站控制流域的面降水量、年径流量和输沙量发生突变的临界年份分别为1970年、1985年和1986年;黄土丘陵沟壑区代表水文站绥德站控制流域的面降水量突变的临界年份为2000年,而年径流量和输沙量临界年份均为1971年。与基准期相比,风沙区年径流量与输沙量分别减少10.02%和43.90%;黄土丘陵沟壑区年径流量与输沙量分别减少21.03%和40.20%。人类活动对风沙区的减水和减沙效益分别为21.74%和81.43%,对黄土丘陵沟壑区的减水和减沙效益分别为27.12%和58.46%。
In order to study the effect of human activities on the water and sediment changes in different landforms in the Wudinghe River Basin, the hydrological and sediment data from 1956 to 2010 on behalf of the Dalihe Hydrometric Station in the Haoliu River and the Loess Plateau were collected. The Mann-kendall and Pettitt methods were respectively used to analyze the trend of hydrological and sediment data and the mutation test to determine the critical year of mutation. Then, the regression equation of double cumulative curve method was used to quantitatively determine the effect of human activities on the water and sediment changes in the two landscape areas . The results show that the critical years of surface precipitation, annual runoff and sediment discharge in the controlled watershed of Hanjialu Station on behalf of the hydrological station are 1970, 1985 and 1986 respectively. The representative hydrological stations in the loess hilly and gully regions are Sui The critical year for the sudden change of surface precipitation in the control basin of Germany Station was 2000, while the critical year of annual runoff and sediment discharge were both 1971. Compared with the baseline period, the annual runoff and sediment load decreased by 10.02% and 43.90%, respectively. The annual runoff and sediment load decreased by 21.03% and 40.20% respectively in the loess hilly and gully regions. The benefits of human activities on water and sand reduction are 21.74% and 81.43% respectively, and the benefits of water and sediment reduction in the loess hilly and gully regions are 27.12% and 58.46% respectively.