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肺癌的发病率和病死率位居世界恶性肿瘤之首,每年新确诊肺癌患者中约有85%为非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC),探讨NSCLC发生发展的机制及寻找有效诊断方法尤为重要。MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类长度约为18~23个碱基、内源性非编码的小分子RNA,在成熟过程中其碱基可能发生突变或其对应靶基因碱基序列会发生变异,这个现象称为单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)。近年来研究发现,miRNA及其SNP可作为癌基因或抑癌基因在NSCLC的发生发展中起重要作用,在NSCLC患者血液、血清、组织、唾液、尿液、痰液和胸腔体液中都有异常表达,miRNA及其SNP有望成为新型的生物标记物。本文就近年来有关miRNA及其相关SNP在NSCLC易感性和诊断中的作用作一综述。
The incidence and mortality of lung cancer are among the highest in the world. About 85% of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients each year are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The mechanism of the occurrence and development of NSCLC and its search for effective drugs are discussed. Diagnostic methods are particularly important. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of endogenous non-coding small RNAs of approximately 18 to 23 bases in length. During maturation, bases may be mutated or their corresponding target gene base sequences may mutate. Phenomenon is called single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Recent studies have found that miRNAs and their SNPs can play an important role in the development of NSCLC as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. There are abnormalities in blood, serum, tissues, saliva, urine, sputum, and thoracic humoral fluids in patients with NSCLC. Expression, miRNAs and their SNPs are expected to become novel biomarkers. This article reviews the role of miRNAs and their related SNPs in the susceptibility and diagnosis of NSCLC in recent years.