引论在对现代性和道德意识的分析与论述中,哈贝马斯继承了黑格尔和康德所代表的德国优良传统。不过,他同时还吸纳了美国实用主义哲学家皮尔士的思想。在探讨交往行动理论和商谈伦理的过程中,哈贝马斯的思想经历了由黑格尔到康德、再由康德到皮尔士的转变。具体而言,他坚决主张权利优先于善,主张关于道德的正确原则应当形成于集体的探索过程之中,而非萌芽于独白式的狭隘个体的自我反省之中。尽管哈贝马斯关于道德普遍主义的认识论证明仍会引起许多批评,但他试图为道德原则的形成提供一个坚固合理的基 Introduction Habermas inherits the fine German tradition represented by Hegel and Kant in the analysis and discussion of modernity and moral consciousness. However, he also absorbed Peirce’s thought by the American pragmatist philosopher. In discussing the theory of communicative action and the ethics of negotiation, Habermas’s thought went through the transformation from Hegel to Kant and then Kant to Peirce. Specifically speaking, he insisted that rights take precedence over goodness and claimed that the correct principles of morality should be formed in the process of collective exploration rather than in the self-reflection of narrower individualism. Although Habermas’s epistemological proof of moral universalism still raises a lot of criticism, he attempts to provide a solid foundation for the formation of moral principles