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三江源区是世界上面积最大、海拔最高的天然湿地和生物多样性集中分布区,是我国最主要的水源地和生态安全屏障。水土流失使源区草场退化与沙化,目前的退化草场面积达250万hm2;大部分地区水源涵养功能下降,造成河川径流量减少;生物多样性萎缩。目前三江源区已累计完成治理面积18.07万hm2,其中营造水土保持林6.29万hm2、经果林0.05万hm2,种草3.78万hm2,实施封禁治理7.82万hm2,建设基本农田0.13万hm2,有效地缓解了牲畜缺草现状,提高了草地水源涵养能力,改善了草地生态环境状况。针对存在的问题,提出了源区水土保持生态建设的原则和重点。
The Three Rivers Source Area is the largest wetland and the highest concentration of biodiversity in the world. It is the most important source of water and ecological safety barrier in China. Soil erosion has degenerated and desertified pasturelands in the source area, with an area of 2.5 million ha of degraded pasture nowadays. Water conservation functions declined in most areas, resulting in reduced runoff of rivers and shrinking of biodiversity. At present, the sanjiangyuan district has completed a total area of 180,700 hectares, including 62,900 hectares of water and soil conservation forest, 37,000 hectares of fruit trees and 37,800 hectares of grass and 370,000 hectares of horticultural land, 37,200 hectares of hiding and management and 13,000 hectares of basic farmland, effectively Alleviate the current situation of livestock lack of grass, improve the capacity of grassland water conservation, improved grassland ecological environment. In view of the existing problems, the author puts forward the principle and emphasis of ecological construction of water and soil conservation in the source area.