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目的研究汽车生产工人膝痛的患病情况及其影响因素。方法以整群随机抽样选定某汽车公司工人3 800人进行问卷调查。率的比较用卡方检验;OR值的计算采用单因素logistic回归分析;将卡方检验中P<0.10的变量作为候选变量纳入多因素logistic回归分析,建立多因素logistic回归模型。结果该公司工人膝痛年患病率为25.6%。对膝痛发生具有促进作用的因素有年龄、工龄、工作环境寒冷或温度变化、长时间(指持续时间超过1h)站立、长时间蹲/跪、长时间走动工作。其中,长时间蹲/跪影响最大,“几乎一直蹲/跪作业”OR值达2.34(1.74~3.13);其次为搬运重物,“几乎一直搬运重物”OR值为1.85(1.51~2.26)。进入多因素logistic回归模型的变量有年龄、工龄、工作环境寒冷或温度变化、长时间蹲或跪姿工作、长时间走动工作、搬运重物。结论在汽车制造业工人中,膝痛具有较高的患病率,需要采取改善作业环境、减轻体力负荷等方式进行积极的干预。
Objective To study the prevalence of knee pain in automobile production workers and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 3 800 workers from a certain automobile company were selected by cluster sampling. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR), and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results of the company workers knee pain prevalence was 25.6%. The factors that have a promoting effect on the occurrence of knee pain are age, seniority, cold or temperature changes in the working environment, standing for a long time (referring to the duration of more than 1 hour), squatting / kneeling for a long time, and walking for a long time. Among them, the long-term squatting / kneeling the greatest impact, “almost squatting / kneeling homework ” OR value of 2.34 (1.74 ~ 3.13); followed by moving heavy objects, “almost always carry heavy objects ” OR value of 1.85 1.51 ~ 2.26). Variables entering the multivariate logistic regression model were age, seniority, cold or temperature changes in the working environment, long squatting or kneeling work, prolonged ambulatory work and heavy load handling. Conclusions Among automobile manufacturing workers, knee pain has a high prevalence and needs to be actively intervened by means of improving working environment and reducing physical workload.