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(一) 当我们试图建立一种合理的经济秩序时,我们希望解决的问题是什么呢? 依据某些熟悉的假定,答案是非常简单的。如果我们拥有所有有关的信息,如果我们能从一个给定的偏好体系出发,如果我们掌握可利用手段的完备的知识,则剩下的只是一个纯逻辑的问题,即,对可以利用的手段的最佳使用这一问题的答案已经包含在我们的假定中了。这种优化问题的解决所必须满足的条件已经完全给出了,并且能够用数学形式最好地表明:简单地说,即是,任何两种商品或要素在所有不同用途上的边际替代率必须完全相等。
(A) What problems do we hope to solve when we try to establish a rational economic order? The answer is very simple based on some familiar assumptions. If we have all the relevant information, and if we can start with a given preference system, if we have a complete knowledge of the available tools, what remains is only a purely logical question, namely, what are the available means The best answer to this question is already included in our assumptions. The conditions that must be satisfied to solve this optimization problem are given completely and can be best illustrated mathematically: simply, that is, the marginal rate of substitution of any two goods or elements for all their different uses must Exactly the same.