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目的:分析脑出血后并发肺部感染的流行病学特征，确定其危险因素并分析其预后。方法:采集2016年1月至2018年12月江苏省常熟市范围内3家医院的5个综合性重症监护病房共265例脑出血患者的临床数据，包括一般情况、神经功能相关评分、外科手术干预措施、机械通气及各种管路留置时间等。出院后3个月进行电话回访评估神经功能结局，并进行统计学分析。结果:265例患者中，180例(67.9%)患者在住院期间发生了肺部感染，其中118例诊断为卒中相关性肺炎(SAP)；51例(19.2%)患者在住院期间发生了脓毒症。与SAP患者相比，非SAP肺部感染患者的机械通气时间、中心静脉导管留置时间及总住院时间更长，脓毒症发生率更高[50.0%(31/62)比16.9%(20/118)]。与无脓毒症患者比较，脓毒症患者住院期间病死率[31.4%(16/51)比14.0%(30/214)]及3个月时神经功能不良结局发生率[52.9%(27/51)比36.9%(79/214)]增加(n P<0.05)。本研究中，患者住院期间病死率为17.0%(45/265)。与病死率相关的危险因素有：入院时急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分系统(APACHE Ⅱ)评分较高，入院时格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分较低，非SAP肺部感染以及发生脓毒症等(n P均<0.05)。与3个月时神经功能预后不良相关的危险因素有：入院时APACHE Ⅱ评分较高，入院时GCS评分较低，以及住院期间并发脓毒症(n P均<0.05)。n 结论:综合性重症监护病房内脑出血后肺部感染发生率较高，高APACHE Ⅱ评分、低GCS评分及并发脓毒症是其主要危险因素，且远期神经功能预后相对较差。“,”Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary infection secondary to intracerebral hemorrhage, to determine the risk factors and to analyze the prognosis.Methods:The clinical data of 265 patients with cerebral hemorrhage in 5 general intensive care units (ICU) of three hospitals in Changshu, Jiangsu Province from January 2016 to December 2018 were collected, including general situation, neurological function related score, surgical intervention measures, mechanical ventilation, and indwelling time of various pipelines. Telephone follow-up was conducted to evaluate the outcome of neurological function 3 months after discharge, and statistical analysis was conducted.Results:Of the 265 patients, 180 (67.9%) patients had pulmonary infection during hospitalization, including 118 patients diagnosed with stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). And 51 (19.2%) of 265 patients had sepsis during hospitalization. Compared with SAP patients, the duration of mechanical ventilation, central venous catheter indwelling time, and total hospital stay were longer in patients with non-SAP pulmonary infection, and the incidence of sepsis was higher, 50.0% (31/62) n vs. 16.9% (20/118). The case fatality rate during hospitalization and the incidence of poor neurological outcomes at 3 months of patients with sepsis were 31.4%% (16/51) and 52.9% (27/51), respectively, higher than the 14.0% (30/214) and 36.9% (79/214) of patients without sepsis (n P<0.05). The in-hospital case fatality rate of all patients in the study was 17.0% (45/265). The risk factors associated with case fatality rate were higher acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE Ⅱ) score at admission, lower Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, non-SAP pulmonary infection, and sepsis (alln P<0.05). The risk factors associated with poor neurological outcome at 3 months were higher APACHE Ⅱ at admission, lower GCS score at admission, and sepsis during hospitalization (alln P<0.05).n Conclusions:The incidence of pulmonary infection after intracerebral hemorrhage in comprehensive ICU is high. High APACHE Ⅱ score, low GCS score, and being complicated by sepsis are main risk factors. And the long-term prognosis of neurological function is relatively poor.