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为了梨资源的收集、保存与推广,通过对新疆及西北干旱以及半干旱地区梨资源的收集及引进,比较不同嫁接方法的当年成活率及越冬成活率,探讨了不同品种在新疆轮台县的花部综合特征、开花物候、叶片和新梢的生长特征。结果表明:⑴不同嫁接方法的嫁接苗成活率及其越冬成活率有所不同,芽接的嫁接成活率明显高于枝接成活率,但是枝接越冬成活率明显好于芽接,当地品种的枝接当年成活率相对好于选育优良品种和砧木品种。⑵嫁接砧木品种的越冬成活率相对好于选育优良品种,当地品种的为其次。⑶不同引进品种和当地品种的花部综合特征及性分配(雄蕊数量和花粉量)有所不同。⑷虽然个别品种开花物候有一定的差异,但引进品种、选育优良品种的花期与当地品种没有明显差异。⑸不同品种叶片大小(长宽)和新梢长度有明显差异;砧木品种的叶片大小和新梢长度相对小于当地品种和选育优良品种;此外,不同品种的新梢颜色和皮孔数量也有一定差异。研究认为,在新疆的气候条件下枝接较适合梨属的嫁接,从花部特征、开花物候及生长发育特征来看,这些引进品种在选择适当嫁接的方法的情况下适合在新疆增繁推广。
In order to collect, preserve and popularize pear resources, the current year’s survival rate and overwintering survival rate of different grafting methods were compared through collecting and introducing pear resources in arid and semi-arid regions of Xinjiang and Northwest China. Floral characteristics, flowering phenology, leaf and shoot growth characteristics. The results showed that: (1) The survival rate of grafted seedlings and the survival rate of overwintering were different according to different grafting methods. The survival rate of grafted grafting was significantly higher than that of grafted seedlings, but the survival rate of grafted seedlings was significantly better than that of budding and local varieties The survival rate in that year was relatively better than the selection of elite varieties and stock varieties. ⑵ survival rate of overwintering grafted rootstock varieties is relatively better than breeding elite varieties, followed by local varieties. ⑶ different introduced varieties and local varieties of the Ministry of flower characteristics and sexual distribution of flowers (the number of stamens and pollen amount) is different. ⑷ Although there are some differences in the flowering phenological of individual species, there is no significant difference between the flowering and the local varieties of introduced varieties and breeding fine varieties. (5) There were significant differences in leaf size (length, width) and shoot length of different varieties; leaf size and shoot length of rootstock varieties were relatively smaller than those of local varieties and breeding; in addition, the number of new shoots and the number of lenticels in different varieties were also certain difference. The study suggests that grafting under the climatic conditions in Xinjiang is more suitable for pear grafting. According to the characteristics of flower buds, flowering phenology and growth and development, these introduced varieties are suitable for propagating and expanding in Xinjiang under the circumstance of choosing suitable grafting methods.