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目的调查分析学龄前儿童气质、家庭环境、带养方式情况及相关因素。方法随机抽取2014年1月-2016年1月门诊学龄前儿童240例,通过儿童气质测查问卷及相关自拟问卷调查儿童气质、家庭环境及带养方式等情况,并通过非条件Logistic回归分析影响儿童气质相关因素。结果气质类型中,中间近易养型占43.75%,易养型占34.58%,其他三种类型占21.67%;不同性别、年龄儿童气质类型比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);男童活动水平、坚持性评分显著高于女童,节律性及反应阈评分显著低于女童(P<0.05);不同年龄儿童活动水平、节律性、反应阈、趋避性、反应强度评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);带养方式中,父母抚养占32.92%,隔代抚养占17.08%,联合抚养占50.00%;不同带养方式儿童适应性、节律性评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);非条件Logistic回归分析显示,带养方式、教育方式、父母文化程度等是影响儿童气质的相关因素。结论儿童气质类型与其年龄、性别无关,与儿童家庭环境及带养方式等密切相关。
Objective To investigate and analyze the preschool children’s temperament, family environment, the ways of keeping the way and the related factors. Methods A total of 240 preschool-aged children from January 2014 to January 2016 were randomly selected. Children’s temperament, family environment and supportive ways were investigated through children’s temperament questionnaire and related self-questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis Affect children temperament related factors. Results Temperament types accounted for 43.75%, ecotone 34.58%, and the other three types accounted for 21.67%. There was no significant difference in temperament types between children of different sexes and ages (all P> 0.05) ; Boys’ activity level and persistence score were significantly higher than those of girls, and their rhythms and reaction threshold scores were significantly lower than those of girls (P <0.05); activity level, rhythmicity, reaction threshold, avoidance and reaction intensity score of children of different ages, The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The parental rearing accounted for 32.92%, inter-generational rearing accounted for 17.08%, and joint rearing accounted for 50.00%. The adaptability and rhythmicity scores of children with different modes of rearing were different Statistical analysis (P <0.05). Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the mode of feeding, education and parental education were the related factors affecting children’s temperament. Conclusion The type of children’s temperament has nothing to do with their age and sex, and is closely related to children’s family environment and the way of keeping.