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治理城市过度膨胀是当前我国城市治理的重点领域,而从人口疏解向功能疏解转变,从根源上矫正城市过度膨胀的增长机制是基本方向。本文以政策工具及其选择为主线,从规制型政策工具、市场化政策工具、供应型政策工具和政治型政策工具四个方面,对特大城市功能疏解的途径进行分析。从中发现,特大城市功能疏解的核心任务是促进形成空间要素在城市和区域合理流动的体制机制,因而它不仅是个规划问题,更是个“过程治理”问题。以城市要素的内在关联和城市运行的内在机理为依据,构建和完善城市政治行政结构与治理体制机制,是提升城市治理能力和治理体系现代化的主要内容。
Over-expansion of urban governance is the key area of urban governance in our country. From the perspective of population demystification to functional relaxation, it is the basic direction to correct the growth mechanism of urban over-expansion from the root cause. Based on the policy tools and their choices, this paper analyzes the ways to ease the function of mega-cities from four aspects: regulatory policy tools, market-based policy tools, supply-oriented policy tools and political-type policy tools. It is found that the core task of mega-cities is to promote the formation of institutional mechanisms for the rational movement of space elements in cities and regions. Therefore, it is not only a planning issue but also a problem of “process governance”. Based on the intrinsic connection of urban elements and the inherent mechanism of urban operation, constructing and perfecting the institutional structure of urban political administration is the main content of enhancing the capacity of urban governance and modernizing the governance system.