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目的分析掌握2010-2014年宁波市五乡镇手足口病流行病学及病原学特征。方法收集中国疾病监测信息报告系统2010—2014年宁波市五乡镇手足口病监测资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2010—2014年宁波市五乡镇累积报告手足口病960例,重症3例,无死亡病例,累积发病率为296.64/10万,且有逐年上升趋势(χ2趋势=104.58,P<0.01)。发病高峰在4-7月,次高峰在9-11月,呈双峰分布。城乡结合区为高发地段。男女性别比1.48:1,5岁以下儿童占94.38%,散居儿童占病例总数的75.94%。五年间全镇共报告实验室确诊病例110例,占总病例数的11.46%。实验室确诊病例中病原构成为EV71、Cox A16和其他肠道病毒,分别占25.45%、21.82%和52.73%。各年病原学构成不尽相同(χ2=49.34,P<0.01)。结论宁波市五乡镇手足口病季节、地区、年龄及人群分布特征明显,病原学构成逐年变化。建议在流行高峰来临之前,结合病原学构成特点,开展以散居儿童和5岁以下儿童为重点人群,城乡结合地段为重点地区的社区手足口病综合防控措施。
Objective To analyze and grasp the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Wuxiang Town of Ningbo City from 2010 to 2014. Methods The monitoring data of hand, foot and mouth disease in Wuxiang Town of Ningbo City from 2010 to 2014 were collected from China Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data. Results A total of 960 hand-foot-mouth disease cases were reported in Wuxiang Town, Ningbo City from 2010 to 2014, with 3 severe cases and no deaths. The cumulative incidence rate was 296.64 / 100 000, with an upward trend year by year (χ2 trend = 104.58, P <0.01). Peak incidence in April-July, sub-peak in September-November, bimodal distribution. Combination of urban and rural areas for the high incidence of lots. The sex ratio of men and women was 1.48: 94.38% of children under the age of 1,5, and scattered children accounted for 75.94% of the total number of cases. In the past five years, a total of 110 laboratory confirmed cases were reported in the town, accounting for 11.46% of the total number of cases. Laboratory confirmed cases of pathogenic constitution of EV71, Cox A16 and other enteric viruses, accounting for 25.45%, 21.82% and 52.73%. The etiology of each year is not the same (χ2 = 49.34, P <0.01). Conclusion The distribution characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in five townships in Ningbo are obvious in season, region, age and population, and the etiological composition changes year by year. Recommendations before the advent of the epidemic peak, combined with the characteristics of the etiology, to carry out scattered children and children under 5 years of age as the key population, urban and rural areas as the key areas of community HFMD comprehensive prevention and control measures.