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目的分析阳朔县扩大免疫规划前后学校(含托幼机构)传染病突发公共卫生事件流行趋势,为开展学校传染病突发公共卫生事件防控及扩大免疫规划效果评价提供参考依据。方法根据近15年来学校传染病爆发疫情流行病学现场调查资料,2004年后根据《突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统》网络直报数据,应用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2000—2014年阳朔县共报告学校传染病突发公共卫生事件49起,发病1398例,死亡1例。其中呼吸道传染病居首位,事件发生时间与学生在校时间呈正相关。自2008年国家实施扩大免疫,2009年阳朔县疫苗到位并开始实施,之后连续5年学校未发生计划免疫针对性传染病突发公共卫生事件。结论实施扩大免疫规划策略,切实提高了适龄青少年儿童疫苗接种率,构筑了易感人群免疫屏障,控制和降低了传染病突发公共卫生事件发生。
Objective To analyze the epidemic trend of emergent public health emergencies in schools (including kindergartens and nurseries) before and after the expansion of immunization program in Yangshuo County, and provide references for prevention and control of epidemic public health incidents and expansion of immunization programs in schools. Methods Based on the field epidemiological survey data of outbreaks of school infectious diseases in recent 15 years, according to the direct reporting data of “Public Health Incident Management Information System” network after 2004, the descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data. Results A total of 49 school-based public health emergencies were reported in Yangshuo County from 2000 to 2014, with 1398 cases of illness and 1 death. Among them, respiratory infectious diseases ranked the first place, and the incident time was positively correlated with the students’ school time. Since 2008, the state implemented the expansion of immunization, 2009 Yangshuo County vaccine in place and began to implement, after five consecutive years of school immunization against no planned public health emergency of STD. Conclusions The implementation of the strategy of expanding immunization planning has effectively raised the vaccination rate of young children and adolescents, built the immune barrier of susceptible population, and controlled and reduced the incidence of public health emergencies.