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中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)是我国极为重要的土著种类,现已移居到欧洲和北美等地。利用20对微卫星标记对中华绒螯蟹国内土著群体(长江和黄河)和国外移居群体(德国易北河、荷兰莱茵河、英国泰晤士河和美国旧金山湾)的遗传变异和多样性进行了分析。结果显示,中华绒螯蟹国内群体的遗传多样性(等位基因丰富度、多态信息含量和杂合度等)略高于国外移居群体;国内外群体间,以及国外不同群体间存在显著的遗传分化;贝叶斯遗传聚类分析显示国内土著群体、欧洲移居群体和美国移居群体分成明显的3个遗传聚类;主成分分析表明国外移居群体已产生了明显的遗传歧化;荷兰莱茵河群体检测到显著的遗传瓶颈效应。表明中华绒螯蟹在海外的入侵过程中已发生了较为明显的适应性进化。
Eriocheir sinensis, an extremely important indigenous species in China, has now migrated to places such as Europe and North America. Twenty pairs of microsatellite markers were used to analyze the genetic variation and diversity of indigenous populations of Yangtze Eriocheir sinensis (Yangtze River and Yellow River) and emigrated populations (Elbe, Rhine, The Netherlands, Thames, United Kingdom and San Francisco Bay, United States). The results showed that the genetic diversity (allele abundance, polymorphism information content and heterozygosity) of domestic populations of Eriocheir sinensis was slightly higher than that of the overseas ones. There were significant genetic differences between domestic and foreign populations and between different groups abroad The results of Bayesian genetic clustering analysis showed that there were three distinct genetic clustering groups in indigenous indigenous groups, European migrant groups and American migrant groups. The principal component analysis indicated that genetic disaggregation has been observed in the migratory groups abroad. The detection of the Netherlands Rhine population To a significant genetic bottleneck effect. The results showed that the mitochondrial Eriocheir sinensis had undergone obvious adaptive evolution in the overseas invasion.