洪承畴是明朝万历年间的进士,到崇祯帝时已是兵部尚书、蓟辽总督,崇祯帝把一个朝廷的命运都交到了他身上。他也感戴崇祯帝的知遇之恩,素以忠臣自居,在自家客厅悬挂了自撰的对联一副:君恩深似海,臣节重如山。崇祯十五年,洪承畴与清军大战于松山,兵败被俘。消息传到京城,说洪承畴 Hong Chengchou was a priest of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. At the time of the Chongzhen Diocese, he was already the commander of the military and the Governor of the Liao Dynasty. The Chongzhen Emperor had handed over the fate of a court to him. He also sensed the gratitude of the emperor Chongzheng. As a loyal official, he hung his own couplet in his own living room: Jun’en is like the sea, and the minister’s festival is like a mountain. In the fifteenth year of Chongzhen, Hong Chengchou fought against the Qing Army in Songshan and was defeated and captured. News spread to the capital, said Hong Chengchou