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近代以来,中国一批又一批学生负笈海外,学习体育专业知识和技能。回国后他们把西方先进的体育文化传向中国,在中国由传统体育向现代体育的发展过程中起了重要作用。运用文献资料法等研究方法,对1903—1963年间出国的180名体育专业留学生进行全面分析,旨在揭示近代以来体育专业留学生的基本贡献、文化特质及其历史使命,研究认为:近代以来专业体育留学生回国后在器物层、制度层和思想层3个层面为中国体育的发展做出了积极贡献;体育专业留学生的文化特征主要包括拥有突出的体育禀赋、深谙本国的体育实际、具有良好的外语交流能力以及享有突出的跨文化比较优势;他们在历史上曾承担过“体育救国”“洗雪耻辱”“体育强国”等使命,在21世纪又将承担起坚持平等双向的体育跨文化交流、汲取西方先进体育文化、弘扬中国传统体育文化、维护世界体育文化多样性等新的使命。此研究为当前体育专业留学教育、中外体育文化交流提供借鉴。
Since modern times, a batch of Chinese students have taken overseas studies and learned professional sports knowledge and skills. After returning to China, they introduced the advanced Western sports culture to China and played an important role in the development of modern sports from traditional sports in China. This paper analyzes a total of 180 overseas students majoring in sports during 1903-1963 with the purpose of revealing the basic contribution, cultural characteristics and historical mission of the major students majoring in sports in modern China. The research shows that since the modern times, the professional sports After returning home, the returned students made positive contributions to the development of China’s sports at the three levels of the device layer, the system layer and the thought layer. The cultural characteristics of the students majoring in physical education mainly include their outstanding sports endowments, well-versed in their own sports practices, good Their ability to communicate in foreign languages, and their outstanding cross-cultural comparative advantages; they have historically undertaken such tasks as “saving the nation from sports”, “humiliation of shame” and “strengthening their sports power.” In the 21st century, Sports cross-cultural exchange, learn from the advanced Western sports culture, carry forward the traditional Chinese sports culture, maintain the diversity of the world’s sports culture and other new mission. This study provides a reference for the current education for PE major and for the exchange of Chinese and foreign sports culture.