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所谓黄册,就是全国户口的总清册。因为地方布政司呈报户部的户口册必须用黄纸做封面,故称之为黄册。它是明代用来管理户口、征调赋役的重要依据。 黄册制度是在推行户帖制度、普遍进行人口调查的基础上实施的。为此,我们先简要地看一下明代的户帖制度。户帖制度是朱元璋在洪武三年(1370)开始在全国范围内推行的。这一制度最早由宁国府知府陈灌在当地施行。《明史·陈灌传》说:陈灌“访问痛苦,禁豪右兼并,创户帖以便稽民。”朱元璋了解以后,颇为重视,于是在洪武三年“取为式,颁行天下。”户帖制度规定:“各书户之乡贯、丁口、名、岁,以字号编为勘合,用半印钤记”;“男女田宅牛畜备载”;“籍藏于部,帖给之民。仍令有司计其户口之登耗以闻。”明政府为了保证户帖制度的顺利推行,采取了严厉的措施:“令有司各户比对,不合者遣戌,隐匿者斩。”甚至派军队到各个地区根据户帖勘合来核实户口,检查各户人丁数目、姓名、年龄、产业等等是否与户帖所载的相符合。户帖制度的推行,改变了元末以来户籍与实际情况不相符合的混乱状况,为明政府征调赋役提供了相当可靠的依据,也为日后明中央政府制定一个更完善的赋役征调制度打下了基础。 洪武十四年(1381年),朱元璋采纳户部尚书范敏的建议,命令全国各府、州、县在户?
The so-called yellow book, is the total list of national accounts. Because the local Chief Secretary reported that the household registration book must be done with yellow paper cover, so called yellow book. It is the Ming Dynasty used to manage accounts, an important basis for tax collection and administration. Huang book system is implemented in the implementation of the hukou system, universal census. To this end, let’s briefly review the Ming Dynasty’s household registration system. The household registration system is implemented by the emperor in Hongwu three years (1370) throughout the country. This system was first implemented by the government of Ningguo Chen Chen. “History of Ming and Chen Chuan Chuan,” said: Chen irrigation “painful visit, banning tycoon right mergers, create posts in order to prisoners.” Zhu Yuanzhang understand, quite seriously, so three years in Hongwu “taken as the world, promulgated the world. ”The household registration system provides that:“ The book of the township run, Ding mouth, name, age, with the serial number for the reconnaissance, with half-printed ”;“ In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the residence registration system, the Ming government took drastic measures: ”To make the comparison and comparison between households and non-owners, Even troops were sent to various regions to verify accounts according to the agreement between the two cities and check whether the number of people in each household, their name, their age, industry and so on were consistent with those contained in the accounts. The implementation of the humane registration system has changed the chaotic situation of incompatibility between household registration and the actual situation since the end of Yuan Dynasty, provided a fairly reliable basis for the Ming government to requisition and reorganize the state property, and laid down a more complete system of tax collection and conciliation for the Ming government basis. Fourteen years of Hongwu (1381), Zhu Yuanzhang adopted Fan Min’s proposal, ordered all the prefectures, prefectures and counties in households?