自一九四六年美国制造出第一台名为“埃尼阿克”的电子管式计算机至今,已经近四十年了。在这三十多年中,以飞速发展的电子器件制造技术为基础,以各部门对数值计算、数据处理、实时控制和自动调节的需要为动力,电子计算机几乎是以十年为周期不断更新换代。在经历了电子管式、晶体管式、集成电路式和大规模集成电路式四代之后,目前正迅速向第五代超大规模集成、微型化和智能化的方向迅速发展。 It has been nearly forty years since the United States made the first electronic tube computer named “Enniac” in 1946. In these thirty years, based on the rapid development of electronic device manufacturing technology, driven by the needs of various departments in numerical calculation, data processing, real-time control and automatic adjustment, the electronic computer is continuously updated almost every ten years Replacement. After four generations of electron tubes, transistors, integrated circuits and large-scale integrated circuits, the fourth generation of ultra-large-scale integration, miniaturization and intelligence of the fifth generation is rapidly developing.