骨髓干细胞（Marrow　stem cell,MSC）是一组具有多向分化潜能和自我更新能力的细胞群,在生长和修复过程中起着重要的作用。其来源丰富、取材方便、多向分化能力强,日益受到人们的重视,不断被应用于治疗血液和其他系统疾病。以下主要介绍治疗神经系统疾病的研究进展情况。1　骨髓干细胞治疗神经系统疾病的背景和原理 早在130多年前,德国病理学家Cohneim发现了MSC具有多向分化潜能的可能性。他将不可溶的碱性染料注入动物的静脉,发现在肢端伤口处的胶原纤维中都出现了此种染料。由此推断,骨髓可能是产生纤维母细胞的细胞池。1970年,Freidenstein[1]发现在塑料培养基上,骨髓基质细胞逐渐分化成为骨和软骨。MSC在体外的多向分化现象提示其在体内可能具有同样的分化功能。1995年Pereira等[2]用突变的胶原基因标记转基因鼠的MSC,把 Marrow stem cells (MSCs) are a group of cells with multidirectional differentiation potential and self-renewal ability, which plays an important role in the growth and repair process. Its rich source, easy access, multi-directional differentiation ability, more and more people’s attention, continue to be used to treat blood and other systemic diseases. The following describes the progress of research on the treatment of nervous system diseases. Background and Principles of Bone Marrow Stem Cell Therapy for Nervous System Diseases As early as more than 130 years ago, German pathologist Cohneim found that MSCs have the potential of multi-directional differentiation. He injected an insoluble alkaline dye into the veins of animals and found it in the collagen fibers at the extremity wounds. From this, we infer that bone marrow may be a cell pool that produces fibroblasts. In 1970, Freidenstein [1] found that in plastic media, bone marrow stromal cells gradually differentiated into bone and cartilage. MSC multidirectional differentiation in vitro suggests that it may have the same differentiation function in vivo. In 1995, Pereira et al [2] labeled the transgenic mouse MSCs with the mutated collagen gene