错案责任追究制度作为人民法院在实践中摸索出来的—项法院内部责任制度,经过十几年的探索和运行,对遏制司法腐败,提高办案水平起到了积极作用。但由于缺乏对错案责任追究制度的科学构建,制度运行不畅或者空转,严重消减了它的积极作用,也让错案责任追究制度的合理性和可行性受到质疑和批判。在全面深化司法改革、严格审判责任的背景下,建立起既符合司法审判规律,又符合中国国情的具有现代司 The system of accountability for misstatements has been explored by the people’s court in practice. The internal responsibility system of the court has played a positive role in deterring judicial corruption and improving handling levels after more than 10 years of exploration and operation. However, due to the lack of scientific construction of accountability system for wrong cases, the system is running sluggishly or idling, which has seriously diminished its positive role and challenged the rationality and feasibility of the system of accountability for wrong cases. Under the background of comprehensively deepening judicial reform and strictly adjudicating the responsibility of trial, we have established a modern department that meets both the law of judicial trial and China’s national conditions.