语言与社会关系是相互影响的。一个社会的语言反映了与其相对应的文化。称呼语是言语交际中用得最广泛、最频繁的词语。它更能体现出民族文化的特征。称呼语与整个社会的文化政治背景、传统、风俗习惯密切相关。在社会交际中,人们使用称谓是一种惯常的现象。非亲属关系的人们在交际中使用亲属称谓语是其中之一。这种语言现象有人把它称为类亲属称谓或者拟亲属称谓、泛亲属称谓等。汉语和日语中类亲属称谓语有一些相同的地方。例如,两国都重视人的社会地位、等级尊卑等,对他人、长辈、上级要尊敬,对自己要采用自谦的称呼。但现代日语中的类亲属称谓无论在种类数量上、使用频率上还是使用范围、使用对象等方面,都与汉语有很大的不同。这主要是由两国的社会文化的差异所决定的。日本留学生在学习汉语或者用汉语进行交际时,时常会出现一些偏误。这主要是受母语和本国的社会文化及语言习惯影响造成的。 Language and social relations are mutually influential. A social language reflects its corresponding culture. Addressing is the most widely used and frequently used words in verbal communication. It can better reflect the characteristics of national culture. Addressing is closely related to the cultural and political backgrounds, traditions and customs of the entire society. In social communication, people use the title is a common phenomenon. Non-kinship people use kinship terms in communication is one of them. Some people call it linguistic or kinship terms such as kinship terms and generic kinship terms. Chinese and Japanese kinship terms have some of the same places. For example, both countries value the social status of human beings and their hierarchy, respect respect for others, elders and superiors, and use self-serving names for themselves. However, the category of kinship terms in modern Japanese is quite different from that in Chinese in terms of number of categories, frequency of use, scope of use and use of objects. This is mainly determined by the social and cultural differences between the two countries. Japanese students sometimes make mistakes when they learn Chinese or communicate in Chinese. This is mainly caused by the influence of the mother tongue and the country’s social culture and language habits.