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在十九世纪与二十世纪之交的欧洲,活跃着一批反理性主义的“传统思想的叛逆者”。他们的共同特征是否定唯物主义的机械论,把精神置于物质之上,强调人的意识或者“潜意识”的决定作用。柏格森就是其中一个有力的声音,他的“直觉主义”和生命哲学对改变理性独霸天下的局面有着重要的影响。而在遥远古老的东方,有一位哲学家在思想上与他遥相呼应,那就是庄子。庄子直觉型的思维方式,不仅影响了中国传统文学艺术的创作,也因与理性思维的互补而更加显出其对人类思想的重要性。
At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries Europe was active in a number of anti-rationalist “rebels of traditional ideas.” Their common feature is the denial of the mechanistic materialism, the spirit of the material above, emphasizing the human consciousness or “subconscious ” decisive role. Bergson is one of the powerful voices. His “Intuitionism ” and philosophy of life have an important influence on changing the situation that rationality dominates the world. In the far east, a philosopher echoed him in thought, that is, Chuang Tzu. Zhuangzi’s intuitive way of thinking not only influenced the creation of Chinese traditional literature and art, but also showed its importance to human thought because of its complementarity with rational thinking.