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商品生产和商品流通,是商品经济的两个侧面。没有商品生产,就没有商品流通;没有商品流通,就没有商品生产。商品的流通过程,就是商品到货币、货币到商品的不断转换的过程。马克思说:“商品流通必须具备两个条件:第一,商品必须预先规定为价格;第二,存在的不是个别的交换行为,而是川流不息的或多或少发生在社会整个表面上的交换总和,交换总体,即交换行为的体系。”(《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷,第135-136页)简言之,商品流通是以货币为媒介的无数交换活动的总和或总体。
Commodity production and commodity circulation are two sides of the commodity economy. Without commodity production, there will be no commodity circulation; without commodity circulation, there will be no commodity production. The circulation of goods is the process of constant conversion from goods to money, money, and commodities. Marx said: “The circulation of goods must have two conditions: first, the goods must be pre-assigned to prices; second, there is not an individual exchange behavior, but rather the exchange of more or less uninterrupted occurrences in the entire surface of society. Sum, exchange of the whole, that is, the system of exchange behavior.” (“Marx and Engels Collected Works” vol. 46, pp. 135-136) In short, commodity circulation is the sum or total of the numerous exchange activities that are the medium of money.