1、前言贸易体制的改变能够改变一个国家的发展进程。目前风靡西半球的观点是最可取的变化是从一个封闭的经济转变为开放的经济。然而,五十年前,则是相反的观点占了主导地位。在三十年代,与世界贸易的隔绝,这部份是由于发达国家里的贸易保护主义的浪潮,导致了拉美各国的多样化与发展。许多拉丁美洲的经济学家断定贸易保护主义是发展的最佳战略而在战后时期绝大多数的拉美国家用高关税壁垒、进口许可制度及限制输入的外国资本 1, Introduction The change of trade system can change a country’s development process. The most desirable change in the current opinion of the Western Hemisphere is to move from a closed economy to an open one. However, the opposite view prevailed fifty years ago. In the 1930s, the isolation from world trade was partly due to the wave of trade protectionism in developed countries, which led to the diversification and development of Latin American countries. Many Latin American economists have concluded that trade protectionism is the best strategy for development and that the vast majority of Latin American countries in the post-war period faced high tariff barriers, import licensing regimes and restrictions on the importation of foreign capital