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目的探讨汉族人家族性脑海绵状血管瘤的临床、病理及影像学特征。方法对发现的1个家族性脑海绵状血管瘤家系进行临床及影像学检查,绘制疾病家系图谱,并对有手术适应证的患者行血管瘤切除术,观察其组织病理和超微结构特点。结果该家族成员18人中9人患病,外显率50%,且均为多发性血管瘤,符合常染色体显性不完全外显遗传特征。其中4例伴有皮肤血管瘤的患者均合并有中枢神经系统血管瘤,颅脑 MRI 病灶中心呈特异的混杂信号,周边围有一圈由含铁血黄素构成的低信号环,其中梯度回波序列成像可发现其他序列无法发现的微小血管瘤。血管瘤是由一团大小不等且伴管腔扩张的异常血管构成,异常血管间无神经纤维组织。超微结构下可见大小不等的多个血窦样扩张结构,窦腔内有大量红细胞,窦壁为一层菲薄的内皮细胞,部分内皮细胞间紧密连接消失、内皮细胞连续性中断,基膜增厚、疏松、部分分层。结论家族性脑海绵状血管瘤为一种常染色体显性不完全外显的遗传疾病,血管瘤由一团大小不等且伴管腔扩张的异常血管构成,窦壁为一层菲薄的内皮细胞,异常血管间无神经纤维组织。病灶具有多发性特点,皮肤海绵状血管瘤是有家族性脑海绵状血管瘤家族史的患者该病诊断的重要依据。3.0 T MRI 的梯度回波序列成像可以成为诊断家族性脑海绵状血管瘤的“金标准”。
Objective To investigate the clinical, pathological and imaging features of familial cavernous hemangiomas in Han nationality. Methods A family of cavernous hemangiomas of familial origin was examined by clinical and radiological methods. The pedigree of the pedigree was drawn. Hemangiomas were resected in patients with surgical indications. The histopathological and ultrastructural features were observed. Results Nine of 18 patients in this family member were affected and their penetrance was 50%. All of them were multiple hemangiomas, which were consistent with autosomal dominant incomplete genetic features. Among them, 4 patients with cutaneous hemangiomas were complicated with central nervous system hemangiomas. The center of brain MRI lesions showed a specific mixed signal, surrounded by a ring of low signal loops composed of hemosiderin. The gradient echo sequence Imaging can be found in other sequences can not be found in small hemangiomas. Hemangiomas are composed of a group of abnormal vessels with different sizes and accompanying lumen expansion. There are no nerve fibers between the abnormal vessels. A large number of erythrocytes in the sinus cavity, a thin layer of endothelial cells in the sinus wall, the disappearance of the tight junction between some endothelial cells, the discontinuity of the endothelial cells, the destruction of the basement membrane Thicker, loose, partially stratified. Conclusion The familial cavernous hemangioma is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder. The hemangioma consists of a group of abnormal blood vessels with different sizes and dilated lumen. The sinus wall is a thin layer of endothelial cells Abnormal vessels without nerve fiber tissue. Lesions have multiple features, skin cavernous hemangioma is a familial cavernous hemangioma family history of patients with an important basis for the diagnosis of the disease. Gradient echocardiographic imaging with 3.0 T MRI can be the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of familial cavernous hemangiomas.