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地震波在地下介质传播过程中,受近地表的非均质性和地层的非完全弹性影响产生散射和吸收衰减,使得地震记录具有非平稳性.因此对非平稳地震记录的研究需打破子波时不变的假设,更加真实地反映地震子波的传播特性,将有效提高地震子波估计精度.目前非平稳地震记录中提取地震子波的研究主要集中在两方面:对非平稳地震记录进行衰减补偿后采用常规方法提取地震子波;利用谱模拟或分段处理直接对非平稳地震记录进行时变子波提取.本文深入研究了衰减补偿方法与时变子波提取方法,对广泛应用于非平稳地震记录处理中的时频分析方法的优缺点进行归纳,并对谱模拟及分段处理方法的应用前景进行了展望。
During the propagation of underground media, the seismic waves are nonstationary because of the near-surface heterogeneity and the imperfect elasticity of the formation, which leads to the nonstationarity of seismic records. Therefore, the study of non-stationary seismic records needs to break the wavelet Invariant assumptions to reflect the propagation characteristics of seismic wavelet more effectively and effectively improve the seismic wavelet estimation accuracy.Research on extracting seismic wavelet in non-stationary seismic records is mainly focused on two aspects: attenuation of non-stationary seismic records After the compensation, the seismic wavelet is extracted by the conventional method, and the time-varying wavelet is extracted directly from the non-stationary seismic record by spectrum simulation or segment processing.In this paper, the attenuation compensation method and the time-varying wavelet extraction method are studied in depth, The advantages and disadvantages of time-frequency analysis in stationary seismogram processing are summarized, and the application foreground of spectral simulation and segmentation processing methods is prospected.