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史家莫不以重建过去的真相为最高指标,但求真维艰。直到近代,史家讲究实证,遂以为凭借档案文献,理性批判,科学的史学可以梦想成真。然欧战而后有“历史相对主义”之兴,争议大起。至“二战”前后,异同虽渐趋统合,然自1960年代以来,后现代风潮骤起,否定历史真相之彻底,前所未有。本文除论述史学求真在现代的转折之外,更进而探讨史学求真的可能性,史家凭其才学技艺,未必不能获致合情合理的真相。
Historians do not rebuild the truth of the past as the highest indicator, but really difficult. Until modern times, historians pay attention to positivism, so that with the archival literature, rational criticism, scientific history can dream come true. However, after the war in Europe there was a “revival of historical relativism” and a dispute of great controversy. Before and after the “World War II”, the similarities and differences were converging. However, since the 1960s, the postmodernist ups and downs have denied the historical truth completely and unprecedentedly. In addition to discussing the objectivity of historiography in modern turning points and further exploring the possibility of seeking truthfulness in historiography, this dissertation may not necessarily lead to a fair and reasonable truth based on its ability to learn skills.