居住环境的构成因时代、地理因素、伦理道德、行为方式、居住观念的不同而呈现出不同的物质形态;同时,健康、有序的物质形态能够启发居民在精神文明上去追求进步;反之,则会束缚人们行为,损害人们的身心健康。 居住环境的物质构成主要是通过场所中心、道路以及领域来实现的。事实上作为人类居住生活场所的居住环境,不仅体现在物质方面,在某种程度上也可能更重要的表现在精神方面。因此,由物质形态所组成的居住环境必须是愉快的、舒适的、便捷的和安全的,并有利于人们建立良好的邻里关系。 一、场所与中心 西安半坡村和宝鸡百首岭原始人类遗址的居民点,布局的中心是一个公共活动的房屋或场地,并且环绕四周房屋的门都向中心开,而在村落周围又挖有壕沟,显然,这壕沟除具有防御之功能,更重要的是村落居住环境的空间界定。同时,村落中心的大房子或场地则为人们提供了相互交往、议事的场所,这不仅是功能性的而且是各“家”的心理中心。 The composition of the living environment presents different forms of matter due to the differences of the times, geography, ethics, behavior and living concept. At the same time, the healthy and orderly material forms can inspire the residents to pursue spiritual progress; on the contrary, Will bind people’s behavior, damage people’s physical and mental health. The physical composition of the living environment is mainly achieved through the center of the venue, roads and areas. In fact, the living environment as a place of living of human beings is not only manifested in the material aspect but also in a certain degree, more importantly in the spirit aspect. Therefore, the living environment composed of material forms must be pleasant, comfortable, convenient and safe, and help people to establish good neighborhood relations. I. Places and Centers The settlements in Banpo Village and Baiseizhiling Ancient Human Site in Xi’an are centrally located as houses or venues for public activities. The doors of the houses around the houses are all open to the center, while digging around the villages There are trenches, obviously, this trenches in addition to a defensive function, more importantly, the living space of the village to define the space. At the same time, large houses or venues in the center of the village provide places for people to interact and discuss with each other. This is not only a functional but also a psychological center for each “home”.