Male reproductive function is impaired during end?stage renal disease (ESRD). Disturbance of the hypothalamic?pituitary?gonadal axis, and therefore the regulation of sex hormones, is one of the major causes. Our focus was to include antimüllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B concentrations. Twenty male patients on hemodialysis, median age 40 (26–48) years, were analyzed for follicle?stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, sex hormone?binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, estradiol, AMH and inhibin B levels. We used 144 proven fertile men, median age 32 (19–44) years as a control group and analyzed differences using multiple linear regression. Males with ESRD demonstrated higher mean values for prolactin, 742 versus normal 210 mIE l?1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 60.3, 729), LH, 8.87 versus normal 4.5 IE l?1 (95% CI: 2.75, 6.14), and estradiol 89.7 versus normal 79.0 pmol l?1 (95% CI: ?1.31, ?0.15). Mean value for AMH was lower, 19.5 versus normal 47.3 pmol l?1 (95% CI: ?37.6,?11.6). There were no differences found for FSH, SHBG, inhibin B and testosterone. The most important difference was found for AMH, a marker of Sertoli cell function in the testes, which decreased by close to 60% when compared with controls. Combined with an increase in LH, these findings may indicate a dysfunction of Sertoli cells and an effect on Leydig cells contributing to a potential mechanism of reproductive dysfunction in men with ESRD.