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为探究不同地表覆盖措施在半干旱地区旱作农业生产中的适宜性,在宁夏盐池县进行随机小区试验,设置了4种不同地表覆盖措施(地膜覆盖、砾石覆盖、牲畜粪便覆盖、秸秆覆盖)和对照(无覆盖)对土壤含水量与土壤温度的影响,并比较了玉米的出苗率以及生长状况的差异。试验结果表明:1)地膜覆盖和砾石覆盖具有较好的增温效果,有利于提高玉米的出苗率和促进玉米拔节,并有利于延长作物的生长期;2)4种不同覆盖措施均有一定的保持土壤水分效应,其中牲畜粪便覆盖效果显著;3)4种不同覆盖措施都显著增加了不同生育期玉米的株高、茎粗和叶面积值;4)与对照相比,4种覆盖措施均显著提高了玉米的产量,其中以牲畜粪便覆盖最高,砾石覆盖和地膜覆盖产量次之,秸秆覆盖玉米产量最低。因此,本研究认为当地最适宜的地表覆盖措施为牲畜粪便覆盖,其次为砾石覆盖。
In order to explore the suitability of different land cover measures in dry farming in semi-arid areas, random plot experiments were conducted in Yanchi County of Ningxia. Four different measures of surface coverage (mulching, gravel coverage, livestock excrement coverage and straw mulching) And control (no cover) on soil moisture content and soil temperature, and compared the difference of emergence rate and growth status of corn. The results showed that: 1) the plastic film mulching and the gravel mulching had a good warming effect, which was beneficial to increase the emergence rate of maize and the jointing of corn, and also to prolong the growth period of the corn; 2) (3) Four kinds of covering measures significantly increased the plant height, stem diameter and leaf area of maize at different growth stages; 4) Compared with the control, four kinds of covering measures Significantly increased the yield of corn, of which the highest manure coverage, followed by gravel coverage and mulching, straw mulching the lowest yield. Therefore, this study suggests that the most appropriate local surface coverage measures are covered by livestock excrement, followed by gravel coverage.