,Precise measurement of a weak radio frequency electric field using a resonant atomic probe

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We present a precise measurement of a weak radio frequency electric field with a frequency of (≤) 3 GHz employing a resonant atomic probe that is constituted with a Rydberg cascade three-level atom, including a cesium ground state|6S1/2i,an excited state|6P3/2>, and Rydberg state|nD5/2>. Two radio frequency (RF) electric fields, noted as local and signal fields, couple the nearby Rydberg transition. The two-photon resonant Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (Rydberg-EIT) is employed to directly read out the weak signal field having hundreds of kHz difference between the local and signal fields that is encoded in the resonant microwave-dressed Rydberg atoms. The minimum detectable signal fields of ESmin=1.36 ± 0.04 mV/m for 2.18 GHz coupling|68D5/2>→|69P3/2> transition and 1.33 ± 0.02 mV/m for 1.32 GHz coupling |80D5/2>→|81P3/2> transition are obtained, respectively. The bandwidth dependence is also investigated byvarying the signal field frequency and corresponding?3 dB bandwidth of 3 MHz is attained. This method can be employed to perform a rapid and precise measurement of the weak electric field, which is important for the atom-based microwave metrology.
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