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目的了解张家港市孕妇妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)和糖耐量受损(GIGT)的发生情况。方法回顾分析2012年张家港市2 432例孕妇糖筛查试验(GCT)的临床资料,探讨孕前BMI与妊娠期糖代谢异常的关系,以及孕妇血糖对胎儿体重的影响。结果张家港市孕24~28周的孕妇GDM发生率为2.59%,GIGT发生率为4.81%。随孕妇年龄的增长,妊娠期糖代谢异常(GDM、GIGT)患病率呈上升趋势(P<0.001)。孕前超重肥胖较消瘦、体重正常的孕妇,更易发生GDM、GIGT(P<0.015)。巨大儿总发生率为8.72%,随着孕妇血糖病变程度的进展,巨大儿发生风险增加(P<0.001)。结论加强孕前和产前健康教育和营养指导,对妊娠期糖代谢异常的孕妇实施专案管理和治疗,可降低GIGT和GDM对母婴的危害。
Objective To understand the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) in pregnant women in Zhangjiagang City. Methods The clinical data of 2 432 pregnant women screening tests (GCT) in Zhangjiagang city in 2012 were analyzed retrospectively to investigate the relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI and abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy and the effect of blood glucose on the weight of the fetus. Results The incidence of GDM was 2.59% and the incidence of GIGT was 4.81% in pregnant women of 24 ~ 28 weeks pregnant in Zhangjiagang City. As the age of pregnant women increases, the prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism (GDM, GGT) in pregnancy is on the rise (P <0.001). Pre-pregnancy overweight and obese weight-loss, weight-normal pregnant women, more prone to GDM, GIGT (P <0.015). The overall incidence of macrosomia was 8.72%. With the progress of the degree of blood glucose in pregnant women, the risk of macrosomia increased (P <0.001). Conclusions Strengthening prenatal and prenatal health education and nutrition guidance and carrying out special case management and treatment for pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism in gestation can reduce the harm of GIGT and GDM to mother and infant.