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本文着重考察各国(地区)创业机会差异的根源。在融合机会研究的创造观和发现观的基础上,本文提出基于创新的创业机会来源研究框架,从技术创新和制度创新两方面揭示其对创业机会差异的作用机理。运用全球创业观察(GEM)2001-2010年机会型创业等数据实证检验显示,技术创新通过生产并开发新知识,对机会型创业具有创造性破坏效应,其中研发(新知识生产)的影响显著为负,而专利(新知识开发)的作用显著为正;认知制度和规范制度的创新通过影响社会规范及创业者技能,对机会型创业也有积极影响。为此,需要针对性地系统推进制度创新和技术创新,提升一国(地区)机会型创业水平。
This article focuses on examining the root causes of differences in entrepreneurial opportunities across countries (regions). Based on the concept of creation and discovery of opportunity research, this paper puts forward a research framework based on the source of entrepreneurial opportunities for innovation, and reveals the mechanism of the difference in entrepreneurial opportunities from the perspective of technological innovation and system innovation. Empirical evidence from GEM (GEM) 2001-2010, such as opportunistic entrepreneurship, shows that technological innovation has a creative and damaging effect on opportunistic entrepreneurship through production and development of new knowledge, and the impact of research and development (new knowledge production) is significantly negative , While the role of patent (new knowledge development) was significantly positive. The innovation of cognition system and normative system also had a positive impact on opportunistic entrepreneurship by influencing social norms and entrepreneurial skills. To this end, we need to systematically promote institutional innovation and technological innovation, and enhance the opportunity-based entrepreneurship in a country (or region).