市场经济是兴起于资本主义社会、应社会化大生产的需求而诞生和发展起来的经济体制,是商品经济发展的高级阶段。在市场经济条件下,市场与政府的定位及其相互关系历来是经济学界的经典命题。其问题的实质就是二者在资源配置中谁更重要、谁占据主要地位。西方市场经济理论对于市场与政府关系的探讨经历了从自由放任的市场经济到强调国家干预,再到现代市场经济的发展历程。我国建立起的社会主义市场经济体制不仅是社会主义发展史上的独创,更是对市场经济理论的重要突破。市场与政府的关系问题是我国经济体制改革的核心命题,具有重要的理论研究意义和实践指导意义。 Market economy is an economic system that is born and developed in the capitalist society and meets the needs of socialized mass production and is an advanced stage in the development of commodity economy. Under the conditions of market economy, the positioning of the market and the government and their inter-relations have always been the classic proposition of the economics community. The essence of the problem is who is more important in the allocation of resources and who occupies the main position. The discussion of the relationship between the market and the government in western market economy theory has gone through from the laissez faire market economy to emphasizing state intervention and then to the development of modern market economy. The socialist market economic system established in our country is not only the original creation in the history of the development of socialism, but also an important breakthrough in the theory of market economy. The relationship between the market and the government is the core proposition of the economic system reform in our country, which has important theoretical research significance and practical guidance.