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糖鞘脂是一类广泛分布在动物细胞膜表面的糖脂类物质,它在调控细胞识别、黏附、增殖以及凋亡等方面均有重要的生物学作用.本综述主要讨论了在现代分析技术范畴中,糖鞘脂的鉴定及其糖链结构的分离与解析方面的研究进展和糖鞘脂在癌症等疾病发生发展中所起的生物学功能,以及糖鞘脂作为疾病治疗靶标的可能性.随着现代仪器技术,尤其是质谱技术和色谱-质谱联用技术的发展,糖鞘脂的分离与检测也进入了高速发展的时代.目前,使用质谱技术在肝癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌等恶性肿瘤的组织样本中均发现了不同种类糖鞘脂不同程度的异常表达.其中,岩藻糖基化的糖鞘脂上调表达在众多癌症糖鞘脂检测中尤为突出,故岩藻糖基化的糖鞘脂可能会成为一类癌症的早期诊断标志物.近年来,随着对糖鞘脂理解的不断深入,糖鞘脂在诸多疾病,如癌症血管生成过程中的功能研究成为了热点之一.例如,从肿瘤细胞表面脱落的大多数糖鞘脂在肿瘤微环境中主要起到了促进血管生成的作用,而与此相反的是,另一种结构简单的神经节苷脂GM3却起到了抑制血管生成的作用.本综述汇集了对上述现象在分子水平上的不同解读以及利用此现象对癌症靶向治疗的研究与探索,并对基于抑制糖鞘脂合成的靶向治疗的发展前景进行了分析展望.
Glycosphingolipids are a class of glycolipids widely distributed on the surface of animal cell membranes and have important biological roles in the regulation of cell recognition, adhesion, proliferation and apoptosis, etc. This review mainly discusses the application of modern analytical techniques , The research progress of glycosphingolipids identification and the separation and analysis of its sugar chain structure, the biological function of glycosphingolipids in the development of cancer and other diseases, and the possibility of glycosphingolipids as the target of disease treatment. With the development of modern instrumentation, especially MS and GC-MS, the separation and detection of glycosphingolipids have also entered a rapidly developing era. Currently, the use of mass spectrometry in liver cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, etc. Malignant tumor tissue samples were found in different types of glycosphingolipids to varying degrees of abnormal expression.Among them, fucosylated glycosphingolipid up-regulated expression in many cancer glycosphingolipid detection is particularly prominent, so fucosylation Glycosphingolipids may be an early diagnostic marker of a type of cancer.In recent years, with the understanding of glycosphingolipids deepened, glycosphingolipids in many diseases, such as cancer angiogenesis For example, most of the glycosphingolipids that shed from the surface of tumor cells mainly play the role of promoting angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment, but on the contrary, another simple structure ganglion Glycoside GM3 has played a role in inhibiting angiogenesis.This review brings together the different interpretation of the above phenomenon at the molecular level and the use of this phenomenon of cancer targeted therapy research and exploration, and based on the inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis target Prospects for the development of treatment were analyzed.