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目的了解广东省中学生伤害流行现况及其影响因素,为制定中学生伤害预防健康教育策略提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,于2010年在广东省21个监测县(区)中共抽取18 633名中学生进行问卷调查。采用χ2检验进行不同特征人群伤害原因的比较,并用分类树方法探讨伤害的影响因素。结果广东省中学生伤害发生率为15.10%,有伤害危险行为者伤害发生率为19.09%。伤害原因前5位依次为扭伤(23.05%)、硬物击和锐器伤(19.48%)、自伤和他伤(17.17%)、跌倒和坠落伤(13.34%)、失火和烧烫伤(8.20%)。伤害发生率男生高于女生;农村高于城市。12~14岁年龄组最易发生跌倒和坠落,15~16岁年龄组最易发生失火和烧烫伤,17~18岁年龄组最易发生扭伤。硬物击和锐器伤的比率初中(19.84%)和职校(20.36%),均高于高中(18.32%);自伤和他伤的发生率普通初中(18.98%),高于重点初中(17.32%)、职校(17.25%)和高中(15.98%);跌倒和坠落伤发生率重点初中(16.54%),高于普通初中(14.20%)、职校(10.72%)和高中(13.19%);失火和烧烫伤发生率普通初中(10.23%),高于重点初中(7.76%)、高中(7.08%)和职校(8.47%)。分类树模型揭示,城乡、性别、学习成绩与家庭结构是中学生伤害的主要影响因素。结论扭伤、硬物击和锐器伤、自伤和他伤、跌倒和坠落、失火和烧烫伤是广东省中学生伤害的主要类型。城乡、性别、个人学习成绩与家庭结构等影响因素与伤害发生有关。
Objective To understand the prevalence and influential factors of injury among middle school students in Guangdong Province and provide reference for developing health education strategies for prevention and control of injuries among middle school students. Methods A total of 18 633 middle school students from 21 monitoring counties (districts) in Guangdong Province were surveyed in a multi-stage random sampling method in 2010. The χ2 test was used to compare the causes of injury among different groups of people and the classification tree was used to explore the influencing factors of injury. Results The incidence of injuries among secondary school students in Guangdong Province was 15.10%, and the incidence of injuries among those with injuries was 19.09%. The top 5 causes were sprains (23.05%), hard objects and sharp injuries (19.48%), self-injury and injuries (17.17%), falls and falls injuries (13.34%), fire and burns (8.20% %). The incidence of injuries is higher in boys than girls; in rural areas is higher than that in cities. In the age group of 12 to 14, the most prone to fall and fall, 15 to 16 age group is most prone to misfire and burns, 17 to 18 age group most prone to sprains. The rate of hard hit and sharp injury in junior middle school (19.84%) and vocational school (20.36%) were higher than that in senior high school (18.32%). The incidence of self-injury and injuries was 18.98% (17.32%), vocational school (17.25%) and high school (15.98%). The incidence of falling and falling injuries was higher than that of junior middle school (14.20%), vocational school (10.72%) and high school (10.23%), higher than the key middle school (7.76%), high school (7.08%) and vocational school (8.47%). The classification tree model revealed that urban and rural areas, gender, academic performance and family structure were the main influencing factors of secondary school students’ injuries. Conclusions Sprains, hard objects and sharp injuries, self-injury and injuries, falls and falls, misfires and burns are the major types of injury among secondary school students in Guangdong. Factors affecting urban and rural areas, gender, individual academic performance and family structure are related to the occurrence of injuries.