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历史进步思想是马克思主义具有内在必然性的思想。西方自由主义学者对历史进步思想的否定,实则是对历史唯物主义的否定,从而也是对包括科学社会主义在内的全部马克思主义理论体系的否定。因而,坚持马克思主义历史进步思想,必须回应西方自由主义政治哲学在历史规律、历史决定论和历史目的论等三个基础性命题上对马克思主义的诸多指责,以澄清问题并维护马克思主义的原则立场。马克思主义认为历史是有规律的,这种历史规律本质上也就是历史不断进步的规律。这种规律是可以被我们在某种程度上加以把握和认知的。马克思主义认为历史进步是被历史规律决定了的进步,马克思主义历史进步思想就是一种历史决定论。但这种历史决定论不是某种单一的或机械的决定论(无论唯经济决定论抑或唯生产力决定论),而是既考量必然性和客观性、也考量偶然性和主观能动性;既强调生产力和经济基础的决定性作用、也强调生产关系和上层建筑的巨大反作用等的辩证决定论和系统决定论。马克思主义历史进步思想不是任何意义上的历史目的论,尽管它确实也在“现实的人及其有目的的活动”这一语义上谈论“历史目的”。马克思主义历史进步思想认为,正是现实的人及其合乎规律性与目的性的历史活动,最终才推动了历史的进步。
The thought of historical progress is the Marxist inherent necessity. The negation of western liberalism scholars on the idea of historical progress is actually a negation of historical materialism and thus a negation of all the Marxist theoretical systems including scientific socialism. Therefore, adhering to the Marxist historical progress thought must respond to many criticisms of Marxism on the three basic propositions of historical law, historical determinism and historical goal theory by Western liberal political philosophy so as to clarify the problem and uphold the principle of Marxism position. Marxism holds that history is regular and that this historical law is essentially the law of historical progress. This law can be grasped and recognized to some extent by us. Marxism holds that historical progress is progress that is governed by the law of history and that the Marxist theory of historical progress is a historical determinism. However, this kind of historical determinism is not a kind of single or mechanical determinism (whether economic determinism or determinism), but considers both necessity and objectivity as well as contingency and subjective initiative. It emphasizes both productivity and economy The decisive role of the foundation also emphasizes the dialectical and systematic determinisms of the relations of production and the immense reaction of the superstructure. The Marxist theory of historical progress is not a theory of historical teleology in any sense, though it does discuss the “purpose of history” in the semantics of “real people and their purposive activities.” The historical progress of Marxism holds that it is the real people and their historical activities that are in accordance with the regularity and purpose that eventually promote the progress of history.