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考古遗址出土的植物遗存对于研究农作物的起源、栽培和驯化具有重要意义。本文依据国内若干考古遗址出土的小豆炭化遗存和淀粉粒遗存,初步探讨小豆在古代的栽培、驯化和利用情况。小豆炭化种子从新石器时代末期到唐宋时期都有发现,其尺寸呈现逐渐变大的趋势。综合小豆炭化遗存和淀粉粒遗存的发现表明,小豆自新石器时代早期就被利用,新石器时代末期部分小豆种子开始显示出人为干预栽培的特征。到商周时期,小豆的栽培和驯化持续进行,并很可能已成为当时农作物体系中的重要组成部分,但此时小豆种子仍显示出一定的野生特征。秦汉到唐宋时期,由于农业耕作技术的进步,小豆种子像大豆一样开始向大粒型发展,种子粒型呈现多样化,小豆的驯化进入了新的阶段。
The remains of archaeological remains unearthed are of great importance for the study of the origin, cultivation and domestication of crops. In this paper, based on a number of archaeological sites in China unearthed adzuki bean charred remains and starch grains, adzuki bean in the ancient cultivation, domestication and utilization. Carbonized beans from the late Neolithic to the Tang and Song dynasties have been found, the size showed a gradual trend. The findings of comprehensive charred chard and starch grain remnant showed that adzuki bean was utilized from the early Neolithic Age and that some adzuki bean seeds in the late Neolithic period began to show the characteristics of artificial intervention. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the cultivation and domestication of adzuki beans continued and probably became an important part of the crop system at that time. However, adzuki bean seeds still showed some wild features at this time. Qin and Han Dynasties to Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the progress of agricultural farming techniques, bean seeds like soybeans began to grow into large grain type, grain variety showed diversification of adzuki bean into a new stage.